Monday 10 December 2012

Science Journal 6: Cancer


Cancer


        Personally, I think that one of the most important topics we studied this year was cancer.  Almost everyone we know has been affected by cancer in some way, and it has taken the lives of too many people.  It’s quite discouraging when you look at how much money and time we have spent on cancer research, and how little progress we have made to finding a cause and cure for cancer.  In class we learned that though we have spent over $200 billion on cancer research just in the US, the rate of cancer cases has increased by 55%.  This increase in cancer cases might be due to the rising population, and the better technology.  We can now scan more people more accurately, and maybe that is why are identifying so many more cancer cases than before.  However, these two factors alone are probably not large enough to make such a significant impact of the amount of cancer cases. 

        The money spent on cancer research hasn’t been fruitless.  Researchers have identified several carcinogens:  chemicals or substances in the environment that are known to play a part in causing cancer.   One of the things that surprised me the most was learning that many of the household products we use are dangerous to us.  Companies that produce these products know that they are dangerous, but they are more concerned about their profits than the well-being of their consumers.  The area of products that I could relate to the best was cosmetics.  Many of the hair products I use contain sulfates, which are used to make products foam and lather.  Sulfates can be easily contaminated by a chemical known to cause cancer.  Sulfates are used so often in cosmetic products because many people believe that their shampoos and soaps need to foam in order for the product to properly clean their bodies.  Curious, I decided to check the internet, and found that lather does not indicate the quality of cleaning you will receive.  Furthermore, sulfates are actually bad for your hair, and they can dry it up.  After learning about the negative effects of sulfates, I decided to try out a sulfate-free shampoo.  It actually made a pleasant difference in the quality of my hair.  I was surprised by the fact that I can use science for applications that seem superficial and simple. 

        During our discussion on cancer, we learned about a couple of methods of treatment.  Most of these methods, such as chemotherapy and radiation, resulted in severe side effects for the patient.  One of the treatments that caught my attention was biophotonics, which is when you use light rays to try and get rid of the cancer.  It has very few side effects, and is more accurate than most other treatments.   
Another thing that caught my attention was the fact that we have very little ideas has to what causes someone to have cancer.  This is important because once we find out what causes cancer, we can think of ways to stop it from doing so.  Though very few causes have been found, scientists have been able to determine that exposure to UV rays plays a major role in contracting skin cancer, especially in red heads.   People with fair skin, more specifically red heads, are known to be more susceptible to getting cancer from UV rays. 

        Scientists have recently found evidence that suggests that the cause for skin cancer in red heads might lie in their pigmentation itself.  In the study they conducted, scientists compared two groups of mice with eachother.  One group’s genes had been programmed to have eumelanin, the type of melanin found in darker skinned people, while the other group had been genetically modified to have pheomelanin, which is found in red heads.  The scientists found that even without any exposure to UV rays, the mice with pheomelanin were more likely to develop malignant skin tumors than the mice with eumelanin.  Baffled, the scientists remodified the  redheaded mice so that they didn’t have any pigmentation.  These newly albino mice had far fewer cases of cancer, which suggests that the reason for the frequency of skin cancer in red heads might lie in their pigments. 

        I found this study interesting because it shows me a different perspective than what I have normally seen from science sources.  Usually, I hear about certain carcinogens in cosmetic products, or waste from energy production/usage.  These findings give me a new point of view in the quest to find a cure for cancer, by showing me that the cause for cancer isn’t always external.  That being said, UV exposure is still a major factor in skin cancer, and it is best the wear sunscreen or stay out of the sun when possible.    

Bibliography:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=redhead-pigment-boosts-skin-cancer-risk
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/252365.php
         

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